गुरुवार, 30 मार्च 2017

M.sc (ag) postgraduate entrance test (PET) question papers

1. The active factor of soil formation is :
(I) Parent material
(3) Relief
(2) Climate
(4) Time

2. Black soils (Vertisols) are formed mainly from the weathering of:

(I) Feldspars (2) Amphiboles (3) Granite (4) Basalts

3. Which soils have the highest cation exchange capacity ?

(I) Alluvial soils (2) Red soils
(3) Black soils (4) Laterite soils
4. Plants wilt when soil water content goes below:

(I) 0.1 bar (2) 1/3 bar (3) 5 bar (4) IS bar

5. Available phosphorus in fertilizer is the fraction:
(1) Water soluble P (2) Water soluble + Citrate soluble P
(3) Na HCO, extractable P (4) NH,F extractable P

6. The main reservoir of available Sulphur in soil is :
(1) Organic sulphur
(3) Sulphite S
(2) Sulphate S
(4) Sulphide S

7. The element that gets depleted progressively in the plough layer 01 submerged
rice soil is :
(1) Oxygen (2) Hydrogen (3) Carbon (4) Iron

8. The average nitrogen content of vermi-compost is of the order:
(1) 0.2 - 0.6% (2) 0.6 - 1.2%
(3) 1.2 -1.8% (4) 1.8 - 2.4%

9. Which one is a microorganism in a soil ?
(1) Protozoa (2) Termites (3) Fungi (4) Nematodes

10. The major component of biogas generated from cow-dung is :
(1) H, (2) CO, (3) N, (4) CH,

11. Soil enzyme that has been widely used as a measure of soil quality is :
(1) Deaminases (2) Dehydrogenases
(3) Proteases (4) Amylase

12. Which one is a herbicide?
(1) Simazine (2) Parathion (3) Phorate (4) Malathion

13. In a cell, sites of protein synthesis are:
(1) Chioroplast (2) Ribosomes (3) Plastids (4) Leucoplast

14. Brassica triangle for the development of tetraploid species of mustard was
proposed by :
(1) Kihara (2) Sears (3) Nagaharu U (4) Blakeslee
15. Due to apomictic nature of crop Mendel could not prove his findings on :
(1) Plum (2) Peach (3) Garden Pea (4) Hawk-weed
16. Who first of all gave the cytological proof of crossing over in Drosophila?
(1) Bateson (2) Bridges (3) Muller (4) Curt Stern
'7. Criss-cross inheritance was first reported by :
(1) Morgan (2) Bridges (3) Muller (4) Wilson
18. The intra-allelic interaction resulted:
(1) Epistasis (2) Dominance
(3) Additive (4) Environmental variance
19. The triplet code for cadons represented as:
(1) (4)' (2) (4)' (3) (4)3 (4) (4)'
20. National Research Centre for groundnut is located at :
(1) Bharatpur (2) Kanpur (3) Junagarh (4) Akola
21. The basic idea of multiple factor hypothesis was originally given by :
(1) Nilsson-Ehle (2) Yule (3) Johanssen (4) Galton
22. Colchicine disturbs:
(1) Formation of spindle fibre (2) DNA replication
(3) Cytokinesis (4) Formation of cell plate

शुक्रवार, 24 मार्च 2017

Interesting information on agriculture

● When and why is 'Farmer's Day' celebrated every year in the country? 
: - December 23, on the birthday of former Prime Minister Late Chaudhary Charan Singh, who is called the Messiah of the Farmers

● Who is the Rabi crop? 
: - This crop is sown in October-November. It is cut in March-April. Such as wheat, barley, gram, peas, mustard, potato, mustard etc.

● What is the kharif crop called? 
: - This crop is sown in June-July and is cut in November-December. Paddy, sugarcane, oilseeds, cotton, maize, sesame, jowar, millet etc.

● Who is the cash crop called? 
: - The crop which is done by farmers for the purpose of business. Such as cotton, sugarcane, tobacco, jute etc.

● What does the word zaid crop mean? : - It is sown in May-June and is cut in July-August. Like-rye, urad, moong, watermelon, melon, cucumber, cucumber etc.

● What is zoom farming? : - In this, the land is cleared by cutting forests. After this land is cultivated. After a few days, the land is abandoned after the fertility is over. This kind of cultivation is done in the states of the Northeast

Name of Agricultural Methods: -

Sericulture - silkworm rearing

Epiculture - Beekeeping

Pisciculture - fisheries

Floriculture - Flowers Production

Viticulture - grape cultivation

Vermiculture - earthworm rearing

Pomoculture - production of fruits

Olereculture - Production of Vegetables

Horticulture - Horticulture

Aeroportic - Planting Plants in the Wind

Hydroponics - Planting Plants in Water

Agricultural Revolution: - 

Green Revolution - Food Production

White Revolution - Milk Production

Blue Revolution - Fisheries Production

Brown Revolution - Fertilizer Production

Silver Revolution - egg production

Yellow Revolution - Oilseeds Production

Krishna Revolution - Biodiesel Production

Red Revolution - Tomato / Meat Production

Pink Revolution - Shrimp Production

Badami Revolution - Massa Production

Gold Revolution - Fruit Production

Amrit Revolution - River Joint Projects

Agriculture of India: - 

India's agriculture depends on the most - on rain

The crop that sows in October and is cut in April, what is called - Rabi crop

The crop that sows in July and is cut in October, which crop is it - the paddy crop

The crop that is prepared between Rabi and Kharif crops, which is it - the zayed crop

What are the crops of kharif - Jowar, millet, maize, rice, sesame etc.

What are the rabi crops - wheat, gram, barley, peas, mustard, potato etc.

What are the zayed crops - melon, cucumber cucumbers etc.

What are the cash crops - Rice

Which area is called 'the bowl of rice' - the field of Krishna and Godavari

What is the state which produces the most food grains of India - Uttar Pradesh

Which crops are grown in India? Paddy

Who is the father of the Green Revolution? -1967-68 AD

Who is the father of the Green Revolution - Dr. M. S. Swaminathan

What was the main purpose of Green Revolution - bringing self-reliance in food production

Green Revolution was most useful on which crop - wheat and rice

Which state is called 'Grain Reserve of India' - Punjab

What is the place of India in vegetable production - second

What is the place of India in the production of fruits - second

What is the relation between the 'drain revolution' - from fisheries industry

The 'White Revolution' is related to which industry - from milk production

The 'golden revolution' is related to which crop - from the production of bogwani and honey

'Gol Revolution' was played for - for the production of potatoes

Which revolution is not related to - Krishna Revolution

What is the pink revolution related to - shrimp production

In India, the percentage of total working population is in agriculture - 64.5%

Which crops are grown in the hill areas of Nilgiris - coffee

Where is the National Juicy Fruit Research Center - Nagpur

Which city is famous for cultivating grapes - Nasik

Which of the states is peanuts grown in India? In Gujarat

Which state is most produced in rice- West Bengal

Which state of India does not have wheat cultivation- Tamil Nadu

Which time harvesting and sowing takes the most time - Sugarcane

When the oilseed technology mission was established-in 1986

What is the world's location in India's fertilizer production - third

Currently the contribution of agriculture and allied sectors to India's gross domestic product - 13.67%

The average percentage of grain in peanuts is -70%

Where is the Central Arid Land Farming Research Institute - Hyderabad

What season is cultivated in maize - in Kharif season

Who is credited with bringing white revolution in milk production - Dr. Verghese Kurien

What is the location of India in milk production?

Where is the best tea produced in India? Darjeeling

Which crop requires excessive water but not deposits - tea

Which is the largest producing state of cashew-Kerala

What are the fiber crops - cotton, jute, flax etc.

Where is the import of long fiber cotton in India primarily - United States

Which state of India is the largest in pulses production - Rajasthan

What is the state of producing clean aquatic fish - Pt. Bengal

Which of the world does India in tobacco production - third

Which is the largest area of ​​India's jute - West Bengal

Which is India's largest soybean producing state - Madhya Pradesh

What is the world's position in coconut production - the first

As a result of the Green Revolution, whose productivity decreased in total food grains in the country - pulses and fat grains

Which is the best crop for dry land - Peanut

What is Jhoom - One Way of Agriculture

Jute is cultivated on a large scale in the river area - in the Hooghly river area

Where is the largest amount of saffron in Kashmir?

Which is the first state to give status of industry to agriculture - Maharashtra

Which committee has proposed to levy tax on agricultural land - Raj Committee

What percentage of the total area of ​​India is cultivated? 51 percent

In India, on what percentage is there a pasture? 4 percent

What is the percentage of land full of forest? 21 percent

What is the percentage of land in wastelands and unused land in India? 24 percent

What percentage of the total agricultural land in the country is cultivated on wheat?15 percent

Which crop affected most of the Green Revolution? Rice and wheat

Who goes to the credit of bringing green revolution in India? Dr. MS Swaminathan

When did the Green Revolution begin in India? 1967-1968 AD

When was the establishment of the oilseed technology mission? 1986 AD

How much India is self-reliant in the case of urea? 100 percent

Which fertilizer imports India completely?Potassium

Who is the only producer state of saffron?Jammu and Kashmir

Where is the largest silk in India?Karnataka

Which is the best of India in Natural Rubber? Kerala (fourth place in the world)

Nasik is famous for whose cultivation?grapes

Which place is famous for the production of quite a lot? Karg (hill of Nilgiris)

Where is the National Juicy Fruit Research Center located? Nagpur

What are the most tobacco-producing states? Andhra Pradesh and Tamilnadu

India is the world's first place in which production? Mango, lemon, lemon, banana, coconut, black pepper, ginger, turmeric.

Which is the place of India in the world of vegetables and fruits? India (first place is China).

Which country is the country after China in the production of rice in the world?India

Crop & Production State: - 

Rice - p. Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar and Punjab

Wheat - Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan

Jowar - Maharashtra, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh and Andhra Pradesh

Pulses - Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Bihar, P.Bengal, Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh

Bajra - Gujarat, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh

Barley - Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Bihar and Punjab

Oilseeds - Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, p. Bengal and Orissa

Mungfli - Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh

Sugarcane - Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Haryana and Punjab

Kaavah - Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra

Tea - Assam, p. Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra

Patasan - P. Bengal, Bihar, Asom, Orissa and Uttar Pradesh

Cotton - Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Karnataka, Haryana, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh

Rubber - Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Asom and Andaman-Nicobar Islands

Tobacco - Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Tamilnadu, Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh. Bengal

Black Pepper - Kerala, Karnataka, Tamilnadu and Puducherry

Turmeric - Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra and Bihar

Cashews - Kerala, Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh

Irrigation in India: - 

What percentage of irrigated area is available on the percentage of pure sown area in India? 33 percent

How much is the pure sown area in India?1360 lakh hectare

Which of the largest irrigation is currently in India? Well and tube well

What percentage is stored in the canals in the country? 31.4 percent

What percentage of irrigation is done by wells and tube wells in the country? 55.9 percent

Where are the most tube wells and pumpsets? Tamil Nadu (second place is Maharashtra)

Which is the most concentrated state of tube wells? Uttar Pradesh

Which state is the first place in terms of irrigation with a pond? Tamil Nadu

Which state has the largest portion of the total cumulative area in the country by the canals? Uttar Pradesh

Which state is such that where all the tools are used for irrigation? Andra Pradesh

Which state has the highest accumulated land in the total agricultural land? Punjab (94.70%)

Muds of India: -

What is the main basis of any country's agriculture - the soil of that country

How many types of soil are found in India - 8

What is the most important soil of India-the alluvial soil

The new alluvial soil is known by other names - Khadar Mitti

Potash is the highest in which soil - in alluvial soil

What is the second name of black soil - red soil

Black soil is most useful for the crop - cotton

The 'red color' of red clay is caused by - due to the iron oxide

Iron and silica are most commonly found in which soil - latrite soil

What is the most suitable soil for tea cultivation - Latrite soil

How many percent of all the parts of India are alluvial soil - 24%

Which soil is formed from the flow of lava - black soils

Which soil is rich in organic matter-black soil

Which soil is formed by the fragmentation of basalt rock - black soil

Which soil does not require irrigation for agriculture - black soil

Where is the expansion of Lala dirt in India - Andhra Pradesh and Tamilnadu

In which soil the iron and aluminum particles are found - in the latrite soil

Which soil is suitable for paddy cultivation - loam soil

How to prevent soil erosion - by planting forest

Which state is most commonly known as Reigurd soil - in Maharashtra

What type of soil is gypsum used to make it fertile - acidic soil

What type of matter does the excess of organic matter - in black soil

Which state of India has inland salable wet land - in Rajasthan

What is the name of Laturite soil by others?

What is known as black cotton soil?

Where is the highest latrine soil - in Mulbar coastal regions

Which soil is formed by granite and Nice rocks - red clay

Which type of soil requires the lowest fertilizer - alluvial soil

What kind of soil is found in the northern plains of India - alluvial soil

Which soil has the highest area in peninsular India - Black soil

The old alluvial soil is known by what other name - Bangar

How far below the surface of the soil alluvial soil in the Ganges - 600 meters

Who is responsible for the construction of latrite soil - up elasticity and capillary action

When the soil becomes dry and wet when dry, it becomes wrapped like curd - latrite soil

Soil study is called - Soil Science

The Indian Council of Agricultural Research has divided the number of sections - in 8 classes

World Agriculture: - 

Who introduced the agricultural states of the world - D. Hitelsi

How much of the world's total surface area is engaged in agricultural work - 11%

The principle of von thüenen is based on - on the comparative advantage

What is the world's largest wheat exporter country - Argentina

The ideal temperature for wheat crop is - 15 ° -20 ° C

Which crops are grown in winter season in the delta region of Nile - wheat

Related to agriculture of wheat - steppe

Which climate is most suitable for wheat cultivation - temperate

How much of the North Gorla world grows wheat - 90%

Which river valley is famous for rice in Italy - Po River valley

Which soil is related to the cultivation of wheat - from Cheranozam

Which crop is needed for irrigation - to rice

Which soil is most suitable for paddy cultivation - Smooth Soil

Where is the Belt of Mecca found in the world - America

Where was the first cultivation of corn - in Central America

In which island sugarcane cultivation is best - in the Hawaiian Islands

Which country is ahead of tea exports? Kenya

World famous 'Vulnerable variety tea' is born in which country - Taiwan

What is yarava - a tea-like shrub in Paraguay

What is the appropriate climate for tea cultivation? Monsoon

What is 'fajda' - kavah garden

Which country is the world's largest producer of coffee - Brazil

Where is the world's largest cotton cultivation - in China

What is the largest rubber producing country in the world - Thailand

Which is the world's first country in milk production - India

Which country is the largest producer of transgenic crops - China

Which valley is famous for the cultivation of opium - the valley of Izmir

Which place is India's place in jute production?

What is called intensive agriculture of fruits, flowers and vegetables done in the outer part of metropolitan cities - Barhar agriculture

Where is the most intense cultivation-in Japan

Where is the development of gardening agriculture in the world - in South East Asia

Where did the transferable agriculture originate from Thailand?

India is the best producer and consumer - of tea

Indian cotton is of a different kind - small fibers

Which is the most jute producing area in the world - Deltaai Ground of Ganga-Brahmaputra

How to keep silk worms at the trading level for silk production - Sericller

What is called the commercial agriculture of vegetables spreading on the land - Olary Culture

Why cotton is not lost in equatorial regions - due to excessive rainfall

What type of human economic activity is agriculture - primary

Who is considered the most exquisite taste in the world - say Mocha

In which country is olive groves? In France

What is mixed agriculture - crop production and animal husbandry on the same farm

The field of intensive agriculture is related to Canada - from Canada

What is the second name of truck farming - marketing horticulture

Man-made grains - Tritic

Whose species is 'Ashmouni' - of cotton

Which crops are grown in lava-made plains of the world? Cotton

Information is good so you also ask friends to share that

11:35 pm at Raju Kashyap

Cultivation of the groundnut or peanuts

Groundnut farming

Kharif crop - peanuts


Peanut family - Leguminaceae

Peanut Botanical name-

Image result for botanical name of peanut
Arachis hypogaea

Groundnut Kharif and Zayed are both seasonal crops. Kharif is the main oilseed crop, it protects from land and rain by cutting it. It contains proteins 22 to 28% carbohydrate 10 to 12% and fat is 48 to 50%, it is mainly used in Jhansi , Hardoi, Sitapur, Kheri, Unnao, Bareilly, Badaun, Etah, Mainpuri, Farrukhabad, Moradabad, Saharanpur and I have grown more in the area of ​​high rainfall in kharif production has been reduced, and will That production is increasing in summer Zayed

Suitable land

What type of climate and soil for the cultivation of peanuts are required? 
Groundnut farming Kharif and Zayed are both seasoned. Where there is more rainfall, there is a special cultivation in Jayed, which requires a dry climate, for the cultivation of peanut, Baloure, Balur Loam or Mild loamy soil is good, should not be selected in Zayed, a land full of groundnut for peanut crop. After successful harvesting of potatoes, peas, vegetable peas, and mustard, the land is successfully done in the vacant land. Can get

Species

Which is thriving species, used in the cultivation of peanuts should we? 
KMS and different species of Zaid, the species to KMS - Chandra, Figure, skill, light, amber, flourishing, type -64, -28 and Tikji 37 A type. Is perfect for the kharif production are found in species-the DH for Zayed Similarly, I-86, -44 Aiksikji.as, Aiksikji.ask-1, R-9251, TG.37A, R-8808 These species are being successfully grown in the zayed crop this time.

Farm preparation

Groundnut cultivation how to prepare for your farm? 
Zayed groundnut cultivation for field preparation, well should I if peas or rye harvested after being cultivated, so those fields a deep plowing after two to three tillage native plow or cultivator of the sand should make I After the last plowing of the jayad, the farm should be made flat by placing a piece of cloth, so that there is facility to put water in it, and water can be applied everywhere

Sowing the seeds

When sowing of groundnut crops, and what form should it?

Sowing should be done from June 20 to July 15 in Kharif and the distance of sowing from the line in Kharif should be 40 to 45 cm and the plant should be kept 15 to 20 cm in the distance, thus sowing in Jaayy from March 5 to March 10 should be up, so I could give good yields of the crop should be sown in lines, line by line and plant to plant distance of 25 to 30 cm distance of 8 to 10 cm 0 0 should I

In the sowing of peanuts, how much of the seed should be added per hectare and how can our farmer brother redress the seeds?

The quantity of seed is different on the basis of season, in the kharif crop 90-95 kg per hectare is sowing, it is found in seeding of 95-100 kg per hectare in the zayed crop, before seeding (seed) before planting Thyrm 2 grams and 1 gram mixture of 50% Carbendazim rate of 2 g per kg of treated seed should I 0 or 1.5 g per kg of seed per Thayofinetmithail should be treated, the treatment Ba 5-6 hours Groundnut seeds before planting should be treated with specific Raijoviym culture, the culture of a pack of 250 grams to 10 kg of seeds is sufficient to half a liter of water and 50 grams of Good dissolving 10 kg of seeds may be mixed together in culture, After treating this way, after sowing the seeds 2-3 hours dry, the sowing of seeds should be done before 10 o'clock in the morning or after 4 o'clock

Nutrition management

When using fertilizers and how much should you do? 
If Zayed crop cultivation after being Muganfli be 100 to 150 quintal decomposed manure or compost it in plowing fields in preparation for the final should be well received, but even 20 kg nitrogen, 30 kg and 45 kg of phosphorus and 300 kg per hectare as potash element has to pour gypsum, and including nitrogen, phosphorus and potash, gypsum half the volume of the entire volume of Vuwai

water management

How much irrigation should be done in the peanut crop and how often? 
If there is no rainfall in the Kharif crop, it is necessary to do two irrigations, while making the first dough (pegging) and making the second bean should be done. When it is necessary to do 4-5 syrup in the zayed crop, I will be happy when the first irradiation is complete. After 20 days of discharge, after 35 days after the second irrigation, after 50 to 55 days after the third irrigation, pegging should be done with deep silk to keep moisture at all times. During the 70-75 days after the formation of fourth syringe beans, Pacvi received after becoming Dana Dana when filling irrigation is imperative to

Weed management

When the weeding should be done for the peanut crop and how to control the weed system? 
Sowing 15 days after the first and including sowing 35 days after the second and gypsum Burkav the course of the weeding-Gudai the Khutiya (pegging) time of weeding -gudhai should not I also weed control are highly desirable I ensure good harvest for weeding-Gudai, I must weed out the weed control by chemicals Pendimithilin 30 EC of the EC of 3.3 liters or 4 liters per 50 are Elaclor 800-1000 liters of water dissolved in the rate of tractor sowing seeds 2-3 days and are very important I sprinkle it before the deposition of deposits is of Krptwaro

Disease Management

Which diseases are found in peanut farming, and how should we control them?

There are many diseases in groundnut i like Crown Rat, Die root or Four Coal Root, Bud Necrosis and Tikka Disease, for prevention, Dimethoate should be sprayed at the rate of 30 C.C. one liter per hectare. Besides, Zinnab 75% Soluble Powder 2.5 kg or 27% liquid Jirm three liters per hectare rate of 2-3 sprays at intervals of 10 days should

pest management

What in groundnut crop pest control and how we should start? 
There are many pests in groundnut cultivation. I like white guider, termite, hearer caterpillar jacand and flavors. For the prevention of flavors and other insects, linden should be harvested 1.3% of the powder from 25 to 30 kg or SEBDal grains 20 to 25 kg / ha. Forêt in soil should be added at the rate of 25 kg per hectare from 20 to 10 g at the rate at the time of sowing, shall I Kudjow Chloe to prevent termite infestation Kyunalfas Pirifas or 20 e. C. Of 4 liters per hectare rate of irrigation water should be used with

Harvesting

When and how should the peanut crop digging? 
Excavation should be done only when the peanut peel should be on top of the skin and the inner part becomes brown color and peanut can be dyed at the time of digging. At the time of excavation, keep in mind that the plant should be straightened by turning the link It should not be kept in the sun. I am ego thing that digging only after digging 70 to 80% of the beans is not damaged. After digging, after harvest, it is very necessary to dry itAs it is, the most important thing in drying is that the drying of the beans in the shade of the trees. If the trees do not have shade, then the fall of the peanut should be done in shade after 4 o'clock so that Depression percentage of peanuts can not be reduced.

After harvesting peanuts, how to store it?
After digging peanuts, the beans should be stocked properly in the shade only if the wet peanuts are stored, the beans fall in black, which are unsuitable for use in food and seeds. And if we market If they sell poor quality due to less money is received

Yield

What is the yield per hectare of peanut crop?

The yield of groundnut is found separately on the basis of the season. In Kharif crop, yield is 25 to 30 quintal per hectare, in this way the yield of zayed crop yields 28 to 30 quintal per hectare.

गुरुवार, 23 मार्च 2017

A like agriculture or agriculture at a glance

What do you call-

1. King of fruits of arid areas - Plum

2. The King of Fruit of Temperate Areas - Apples

3. King of Jung - Teak

4. King of pulses - gram

5. Queen of Flowers - Yolas

6. Queen of Fruit- Lychee

7. King of Flowers - Rose

8. Queen of milk - Sanan goat

9. Queen of Spices - Cardamom

10. Queen of Beverages - Tea

11. Queen of the Dahl - Peas

12. Adam Fig - Banana

13. Butter cup- Ficus Kisini

14. Fibara tree - Sphododia kempeculeeta

15. Butter fruit- Vocado

16. Garibi Fruit - Plum

17. Divine Fruits (Wonderful Fruits) - Kiwi Fruit

18. Kalp Tree - Coconut

19. False Gold - Pyrite

20. Century Tree - Dates

21. Green Gold - Opium

22. Food of God - Coco

23. Begetable Meats - Lowia

24. Boneless Moss - Soybean

25. The smallest flower - Wolfia (0.1 mm)

26. Smallest chromosome - Elgi

27. Smallest seed-orchid

28. Hardest Wood - Hardwikia

29. The Greatest Wood - Oliya Lorif Loia

30. The smallest cell - Mycoplasma galaisepticum

31. World's Biggest Insect - Magnetic

32. Wonderful Tree - Neem

33. Rooted Crop - Soyabean

34.Sunrupfish - Jute

35. King of Crops - Black Pepper

36. Bio-energy plant - Jatropha

37. King of weeds - Congress grass

38. Paradise Tree - Coconut

39. Bio Exhaust Plant - Eucalyptus Spac.

40. Drosophila of Crops - Mecca

41. Camel Crop - Tide

42. Wood Sugar - Jilos

Importance of agriculture in India

1. What percentage of the total area of ​​India is cultivated? 
►- 51 percent

2. On what percentage of part of India is there a pasture? 
►- 4 percent

3. What is the percentage of land full of forest? 
►- 21 percent

4. What is the percentage of land in wastelands and unused land in India?

►- 24 percent

5. Who is the cash crop called? 
►- The crop that is done by farmers for the purpose of business. Such as cotton, sugarcane, tobacco, jute etc.

6. What is the Rabi crop called? 
►- This crop is sown in October-November. It is cut in March-April. Such as wheat, barley, gram, peas, mustard, potato, mustard etc.

7. What is the kharif crop called? 
►- This crop is sown in June-July and is cut in November-December. Paddy, sugarcane, oilseeds, cotton, maize, sesame, jowar, millet etc.

8. What does the zaid crop mean? 
►- It is sown in May-June and is cut in July-August. Like-rye, urad, moong, watermelon, melon, cucumber, cucumber etc.

9. What is zoom farming? 
►- The land is cleaned by cutting forests.After this land is cultivated. After a few days, the land is abandoned after the fertility is over. This kind of cultivation is done in the states of the northeast.

7. What is the kharif crop called? 
►- This crop is sown in June-July and is cut in November-December. Paddy, sugarcane, oilseeds, cotton, maize, sesame, jowar, millet etc.

8. What does the zaid crop mean? 
►- It is sown in May-June and is cut in July-August. Like-rye, urad, moong, watermelon, melon, cucumber, cucumber etc.

9. What is zoom farming? 
►- The land is cleaned by cutting forests.After this land is cultivated. After a few days, the land is abandoned after the fertility is over. This kind of cultivation is done in the states of the northeast.

10. What percentage of the total agricultural land in the country is cultivated on wheat? 
►- 15 percent

11. What impact did the Green Revolution have on most of the crops? 
►- Rice and wheat

12. Who goes to the credit of bringing green revolution in India? 
►- Dr. MS Swaminathan

13. When did the Green Revolution begin in India? 
►- 1967-1968 AD

14. When was the establishment of the Oilseed Technology Mission? 
►- 1986 ed.

15. How much India is self-reliant in the case of urea? 
►- 100 percent

16. 10. What percentage of the total agricultural land in the country is cultivated on wheat? 
►- 15 percent

17. Who is the only productive state of saffron? 
►- Jammu and Kashmir

18. Where is the highest silk in India? 
►- Karnataka

19. Which is the best of India in Natural Rubber?

►- Kerala (fourth position in the world) 
20. Nasik is famous for whose cultivation? 
►- Grapes

21. Which place is famous for the production of a lot? 
►- Kurg (Hill of Nilgiris)

22. Where is the National Juicy Fruit Research Center located? 
►- Nagpur

23. What are the largest tobacco producing states? 
►- Andhra Pradesh and Tamilnadu 
24. India's position in world production is first? 
►- mango, chikoo, sour lemon, banana, coconut, black pepper, ginger, turmeric

25. What is the place of India in the world of vegetables and fruits? 
►- India (first place is China)

26. Which country is the place of China in the production of rice in the world? 
►- India

27. 
Agriculture 
-------------------- Name of the methods ►-Sericulture --------------- Silkkit Appropriation Epiculture 
--- ------------ 
Beekeeping Pisiculture --------------- Fishing 
Floor Culture --------------- Flowers production 
viticulture Vitikalcr --------------- 
--------------- vermi culture vermiculture 
----------- Pomokalcr ---- 
Production of Fruit Olereculture --------------- Production of 
Vegetables Horticulture --------------- Horticultural 
Aeroportic ------ --------- Growing Plants in the 
Wind Hydroponics --------------- Growing Plants in the Water

28. Agricultural Revolution 
►- 
Green Revolution --------------- Food Production 
White Revolution --------------- Dairy Production 
Blue Revolution ---- ----------- Fisheries Production 
Brown Revolution --------------- Fertilizer Production 
Silver Revolution --------------- Egg produces 
yellow oilseed production revolution --------------- 
--------------- Krishna revolution biodiesel production 
--------- red revolution ------ Tomato / Meat 
Production Pink Revolution --------------- Lobster Fish 
Production Alami Revolution --------------- Massal Production 
Goldfish Revolution --------------- Fruit Production 
Amrit Revolution --------------- River Join Projects

29. Crop -------- and 
productive state ►- 
Rice --------------- p. Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar and Punjab

Wheat --------------- Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan

Jwar --------------- Maharashtra, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh and Andhra Pradesh

Pulses --------------- Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Bihar, West Bengal Bengal, Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh

Bajra --------------- Gujarat, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh

Barley --------------- Uttar Pradesh

30. Who is the father of the Green Revolution? 
►- Dr. M. S. Swaminathan

Cultivation of Paddy or Rice

Rice or paddy cultivation

        Botanical name of paddy - Oraiza Saitiva 

Paddy's family - Grammini 

The average yield of rice in the country is increasing and compared to other states it is necessary to increase its productivity, it can be possible only if the quick methods are properly adopted.

Climate and land

What is the major climate for paddy cultivation and what kind of land should we have? 
Summary of climate for paddy cultivation requires climatic conditions. Its plants require an average of 37 degrees centigrade from the average of 20 degrees centigrade in the lifetime. I. Matiyar and dormant land are considered suitable for paddy cultivation.

Species

Which of the high yielding varieties of paddy are found and how do we use them? 
Paddy cultivation in the untimely and irrigated conditions is done by direct sowing and transplantation. For this, the recommended species are for Govinda, Narendra 118, Narendra 97, Narendra 80, Barani Deep, Narendra Lalmati, Dry Samrat and irrigated areas for un-identified areas. Ratna, Govind, Ashwani, Pant Paddy 4, IR 50, Saruju 52, Pant Paddy 10, Manhar and Saket 4 etc.

Farm preparation

How do we prepare our fields to tell about S? 
For the paddy harvest, the first plowing should be made from soil reeling solution and 2-3 plants by the cultivator and along with the strong ration of the farm should be done so that the rainwater can be accumulated for more time and before the transplanting farm Plow water by plowing water and plow the field while plowing

Sowing the seeds

How much of the seeds per hectare of paddy crop is required to plant the seed, how to do the seed treatment for planting?

For the direct sowing of paddy, the quantity of seeds should be 40-50 kg of seeds per hectare and the quantity of seed for transplanting one hectare of paddy is sufficient to prepare 30 to 35 kg of seed for the sowing of the paddy before sowing the nursery. It is necessary to sow seeds by sowing the seeds by 4 grams of Streptocycline and 75 grams of Thirum for 25 kg seed.

Nursery home

How is this plant prepared for taking paddy crop? 
30 to 35 kg of paddy seed is sufficient for planting one hectare farm. One spraying of trichoderma should be done on the plant at 10 days intervals, after 10-15 days of sowing, the pesticide and fungicide should be sprayed on the plant. If there is no worm and disease in the field, then the water should be removed if there is strong sunlight in the plant where it is not possible to dissolve the seed. Irrigation should be done after 3 o'clock in the evening, so that the water in the night soak in the field 21 to 25 In the day the plant is ready for transplantation like this: 15 hectare can be planted by one hectare plant nursery.

Plantation

When and how do we transplant plants for taking paddy crop? 
The appropriate timing of transplanting of paddy should be done in the third week of June from the third week of July for this, it is suitable for planting of 21 to 25 days of paddy, suitable for paddy. Rows for paddy transplantation are 20cm away from rows and plants The plant should be 10 centimeters apart and 2 to 3 plants in one place.

Nutrition management

Tell us about the quantity of fertilizers and fertilizers used in the paddy crop and when to do it. 
During the last plowing in the field for good yield of paddy, add rotten manure of 100 to 150 knit of manure to the farm and add 120 kg of nitrogen, 60 kg phosphorus and 60 kg potash element in fertilizer. Quantity of quantity of phosphorus and potash is given at the time of preparation of the field and half quantity should be provided in the form of tapadressing of the nitrogen.

water management

How do we manage irrigation? 
Paddy cultivation requires the most water in the crop. It is very necessary to keep the crop in the field during harvesting of the crop for a week after transplantation in some special states, filling the ear, coming out, flaxing, and feeding the grain.

Weed management

How can we control the weed bro when our peasant brothers? 
For crushing weeds in paddy crop, we use Khurpi or padivider. I and Chemistry for weed control, 3-4 days of transplantation, 3.3 liters of Pendimethylene 30 EC per 700 kg per hectare Mixing in 800 liters of water, the weed control is well controlled by using it in the field.

Disease Management

What kind of disease is likely to occur in paddy crop, how can he treat or control our farming brother? 
The major diseases that occur in paddy cultivation are white diseases, viral scars, heath scars, brown spots, bacteria, zoka, Khaira etc. It is very important to take care of these things for the management of these crops. Cleanliness of the grass is very important. At the second time, the standard seeds of the disease resistant tolerant species should be sown. The third seed should be sown by sowing in nursery only after cleansing the seeds. The fourth seed should be sown by treating the three grams of thiram per kg of seeds. Seed should be treated with 1.50 gm of carbendazim with 1.50 gm. In areas with problem of scorching, 38 gm of ammonium seeds for the 25 kg seed and 4 gm Streptocyclyan seeds in 45 liters of water soaked overnight and shade After sowing it should be sown in the nursery and after that, seventh 5 kg of sulphate should be dissolved in 20 kg urea 1000 liters of water. After this, 5 kg of ferrous sulphate should be dissolved in 20 liters of urea and 800 liters of water should be sprayed. Planting should be planted by sowing. Nava ie last seed treatment should be done with 2.5 kg per hectare trichoderma and 60 to 80 kg of cow dung mixed with land should be mixed in last plowing

pest management

What kind of pests are found in paddy crop and how do we control them? 
The main insects in paddy cultivation like termites such as termites, leaf-wrapping insects, Gandhian bugs, military insects, stem bites etc. i. To control all of these, the first summer should be sown and the cleaning of mud and roof cleaning should be done. Keep the plants free from the weeds and plant the plants in the third and subsequent time and sow the crop with the fourth inhibitory species. I should plant 20 cm more than 20 centimeters at the distance of 20 meters. After every sixth quadrant, leave a queue after transplanting Use the seventh cleaner fertilizer to keep proper management of the eighth irrigation ie irrigation timings. I should destroy the remains of the crop before the new transplantation before planting the tornado, planting the upper part of the plant before planting. I will add eleventh to 1.5 liters per hectare Use neem based pesticides at the end of the cunlafas 25 EC to 1.25 liters or chloropyrus 20 EC. Should be sprayed at 1.5 liter per hectare

Harvesting

There is also a time of harvesting and slaughtering of crops and when is it to tell us about how and when to do it? 
When 50 percent of the earrings in the field should be harvested from the crop when cooking the earrings 80 to 85 percent when the earrings should be golden or should be harvested after 30 to 35 days after the release of the earring, it can be saved from the loss of the donation. I can avoid unwanted plants. Should be removed from the field even before harvesting, after harvesting, the grain should be removed immediately after ripening

Yield

How much yield is obtained per hectare to the farmers by the paddy crop?

Two types of species are found. In both irrigated and uninfected species, the yield is also found individually. On the adoption of all the technologies in irrigated areas, yielding yields of 50 to 55 knill per hectare. On the adoption of all the technicalities in unorganized areas 45 to 50 knit Yield per hectare

मंगलवार, 21 मार्च 2017

Cultivation of mustard

Mustard Cultivation / Cultivation of Mustard

Mustard seeds have a prominent place in Rabi crops, mustard cultivation is also a more profitable crop in the case of limited irrigation, by adopting advanced methods for mustard crop, production and productivity increase greatly

Species-

What are the advanced species of mustard?

Moderate species such as Revolution, Maya, Varuna, sown for mustard or mustard, we also call it T-59; Pusa Bold, Urvashi and Narendra Rai, species are sown in irrigated condition and sowing in uneven condition. Species of mustard species such as Varuna, Mahabhip and boon, etc. should be planted

Suitable land -

What type of climate and land do you need for cultivation of mustard?

Mustard crops should be 25 to 30 degree centigrade, the land is suitable for mustard crop, with proper drainage.

Farm preparation-

How to prepare the land for the cultivation of mustard?

Preparation of field for mustard cultivation should first be grown by soil reversal solution, after which two to three plots should be done with native hull or cultivator, it is necessary to level the farm by placing it after plowing it.

Seed Sowing -

What should be the quantity of mustard seed rate per hectare?

For sowing of mustard crop in irrigated areas, 5 to 6 kg of seeds should be used per hectare.

How to cleanse the seeds of mustard seed before sowing? 

For the protection of seed borne diseases for the mustard crop, it should be sown by treating 2-5 gm of thiram per kg with seed rate.

How to set the time for sowing the mustard seed, how to fix it?

The appropriate time for the sowing of mustard is from the last week of September to the first week of October, mustard sowing should be done at the distance of 5 cm to 6 cm deep in Kundo 45 cm meter behind the country hull

Water management

What is the right time for irrigation in the mustard crop?

In the harvest of the mustard crop, the first irrigation should be done during flowering and the second irrigation can be done in the feeding process, if the rain falls in the winter, then do not do the second irrigation if the yield is good.

Nutrition management

When should we use fertilizer and fertilizer in mustard crop, and how should we do it?

For the cultivation of mustard, the compost with 60 kuntal dung should be added to the field at the time of last plowing before sowing, and in irrigated condition, use of 120 kg nitrogen, 60 kg phosphorus and 60 kg potash element per hectare rate Let the half the quantity of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash be mixed in the field at the time of last plowing, before sowing, the remaining amount of nitrogen should be used as a tapedcegent after 25 to 30 days of sowing.

Weed management -

Weed control How do we do in the mustard crop?

After 15 to 20 days
of sowing of mustard cultivation, dense plants should be removed and their distance of 15 centimeters should be done, to destroy the weeds, do a weeding after the irrigation and after the second irrigation, pendamethylan for weed control by chemicals. 30 C.C. 3.3 liters of chemical should be dissolved in 800 to 1000 liters of water at the rate of hectare, it is necessary to spray it on 2-3 days of sowing.

Disease Management -

 How to control the diseases of mustard crops  ?

In the mustard crop, major diseases such as Alteranaria, leaf blight disease, white ketchup disease, Chillul AiTi Disease and Tulatala disease are in the crop, for the control of these diseases, the chemicals called MENKOGAB 75 percent should be sprayed in 800-1000 liters of water.

Pest Management

the mustard crop, pests are used, how to prevent them?

There were different types of insects in mustard -

The mustard jigsaw fly  is smaller than the black house fly, due to the size of the female egg planting saw, it is called aarra fly, the pest of the insects becomes holes on the edge of the leaves and eats very fast, For its control, Malathian 50 E.C. 1.5 liters should be dissolved in 700 to 800 liters of water.

Painted Moth  The adult and infant sucking insect Mukhango tender leaves of plants, branches, flowers, Tno, and suck the juice of beans, its attack can happen anytime from October to harvest, for its control Daimethoatt 30 E.C. 1 liter or phenothiyan 50 e.c. 1.5 liters of volume should be dissolved in 700 to 800 liters of water.

Mahu   - Mahu's biggest problem is, it has a feather-finite and light gray gray or green pest; this adult insect of adult and infant plants sucks tender leaves, leaves, flowers and juice of new beans, this pest raging From December to March, it is controlled by Dimethoate 30 E.C. 1 liter phenothiyan 50 e.c. It is very necessary to dissolve 1 liters of water in 700 to 800 liters of water.

Harvesting 

Mustard crop  of  what is the appropriate time to harvest and how to store it?

When 75% of the beans are golden in the mustard crop, then the crop should be cut, dry, or dilapidated, the seed should be washed and dried properly.

Yield 

How many yields can yield per hectare from the mustard crop?

In un-irrigated areas, it yields between 20 to 25 kundalts and irrigated areas upto 25 to 30 quintal per hectare.